Long a national leader in fundamental hematology research, IHCAMS founded the only national laboratory in hematology in China, the State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology (SKLEH), in 1988. Based on SKLEH, together with PLA General Hospital and Tianjin Medical University, IHCAMS launched the National Key Laboratory of Blood Science (NKLBS) in 2023. NKLBS has broad research strengths, with a particular emphasis on regulation and regeneration of hematopoietic stem cells and pathological blood cells, the molecular basis of hematopoietic cell ecosystem, and prediction and precise medicine for blood- related diseases. The relationship among the three hospitals and institutes supports a longstanding focus on bench-to-bedside research, through which discoveries in NKLBS lead to therapies and treatments for patients on an accelerated timetable.